RAID is "Redundant array of Inexpensive disks"
It was a way of extending hard drive space etc back when hard drives were very expensive....but nowadays people use RAID setups to give more speed or else to give some form of auto backup by mirroring the hard drive.
RAID has several different "levels" or basically ways of being hooked up...the most poplular ones for home use are RAID 1 and RAID 0.
RAID 1 is for safety....it involves one drive "mirroring" the other drive....in other words whatever is written to one drive is also automatically written to the other drive...so if one drive dies...you still have all your data on the other one.
RAID 0 is for speed.....what it does is take 2 or more drives and write half of the info on one drive and half on the other drive....so if I have 2 megabytes of data what I would be doing is simultaneously writing 1Meg to each drive at the same time....so theoretically it is twice as fast as single drives. BUTTTTTTTTT, of course there is a downside....with RAID o if you lose EITHER drive you lose it ALL, lol. So it isnt used for important data....more just for speed.
Of course there are other RAID levels, like RAID 5 which is the most popular one for servers.
Here are some good diagrams for RAID
http://www.acnc.com/raid.html
To use RAID you usually need either a "RAID" motherboard or a RAID PCI controller card. If your motherboard had RAID, that means it has two extra IDE controllers that handle the RAID function....the RAID part has its own little BIOS so it does make booting up slightly slower.
JP