You can make XP tell you what the error was (gives a nice old BSOD message

) by changing the settings in Startup and Recovery tab on Advanced setting after right clicking My Computer and selecting properties. I'm not in XP right now but that where I think it is. Have a look.
Could even be driver probs if it's old hardware. Did you get any warnings from XP when you loaded it about drivers and incompatibility?
But heat is likely an issue. Dust in the CPU fan, PSU fan or just in the whole case may cause this.
Oh, and the BIOS should let you turn off all warnings for disk/keyboard probs. This should let you boot without a keyboard attached.
Cheers
Mick